Most developed countries pay a lot of attention to the topic of unconventional renewable energy sources. This interest is due, primarily, to two main factors: dramatically the plight of the environment and the need to find new types of energy. According to scientists, traditional energy resources such as gas, coal and oil at the present rate of consumption, will be exhausted in the next 30-50 years. In this regard, in Russia begins to actively shape the request for a comprehensive program of research, design and experimental works on the use of renewable energy sources. In the work briefly presents the theoretical basis and practical recommendations that can be used in the development of not only one specific project, but the formation of target programs aimed at improving energy security of Russia as a whole.