Возрастные изменения показателей дыхательной системы при гипоксически-гиперкапнической тренировке

Установлено, что при использовании дыхательного тренажера наблюдалась выраженная тенденция к повышению парциального давления СО₂ в альвеолярном воздухе, при одновременном уменьшении минутного объема дыхания, ведущая к нормализации гуморальной регуляции дыхания. Изменение уровня дыхания создает условия для ретенции метаболического СО₂ и нормализации газового гомеостаза организма.

Age changes of the parameters of the respiratory system at hypoxic-hypercapnic training

The results of the influence of the hypoxic-hypercapnic training on the changes in the parameters of the respiratory system in people of different age groups are given in the article. 732 people aged 46 to 89 years were examined, including 344 men and 388 women. All subjects were divided into three groups - the average age (45-59 years, 59 men and 78 women), the elderly (60-74 years, 158 men and 163 women) and the senile (75-89 years, 127 men and 147 women), according to the age classification (WHO, 2017). Subjects daily for 11-12 months, twice a day (morning and evening for 30 minutes) conducted training on the respiratory simulator «Samozdrav». It is established that the effect of hypoxic-hypercapnic training on the minute ventilation also contributes to a decrease in the ventilatory response to exogenous hypercapnia. In individuals of different age groups, before training with age, the minute ventilation decreased ( p < 0,05). Especially this decrease was expressed in women. It was revealed that before the start of training with age, the subjects significantly reduced the alveolar PACO₂. In women, the values of alveolar PACO₂ are significantly lower than in men ( p < 0,05). Apparently, the decrease in PACO₂ with age can be regarded as one of the reasons for the decline in minute ventilation. It is shown that, by the time of the end of training, the alveolar partial pressure of CO₂ in the subjects increased to 38-39 mm Hg and the minute ventilation decreased to an average of 6-7 liters per minute, which indicates the maintenance of gas exchange at the level adequate to metabolic processes in the human body. Thus, the results of studies indicate that when using the breathing simulator («Samozdrav»), there was the pronounced tendency to increase the alveolar partial pressure of CO₂, while reducing the minute ventilation, leading to the normalization of humoral regulation of respiration. The change in the level of breathing creates conditions for the retention of metabolic CO₂, and the normalization of the body's gas homeostasis. In this regard, it seems that the indication for the use of breathing exercises with hypoxic-hypercapnic training may be the 20-25% higher level of minute ventilation compared to the proper values.