Герцен в философском дискурсе прошлого и современности Творчество А.И. Герцена в оценках отечественных и зарубежных исследователей: к двухсотлетнему юбилею великого мыслителя

В статье анализируются творчество А.И. Герцена в оценках отечественных и зарубежных историков философии и культуры прошлого и современности. Осуществляется попытка избежать односторонних оценок и показать многогранность и неоднозначность мировоззренческих исканий Герцена. В итоге Герцен предстает не только как революционер и западник, но и как ищущий, мятущийся, разочаровывающийся и страдающий мыслитель, выше всего ценивший свободу личности.

HERZEN IN THE PHILOSOPHICAL DISCOURSE OF THE PAST AND PRESENT CREATIVITY OF AI HERZEN IN THE ESTIMATES OF RUSSIAN AND FOREIGN RESEARCHERS: ON THE BICENTENARY OF GREAT THINKER

Stereotypes of the Soviet period, which are largely dominated today are blind us to the real assessment of Herzen's creativity. Meanwhile, according to V.V. Zenkovsky the history of Herzen's spiritual development is extraordinarily valuable for us, and that is the fact that Herzen is "extremely national — and because of his love of the West, and because of his passionate criticism of this one". In this article, author turns to the estimates of A.I. Herzen's creativity in studies of different generations of Russian and foreign historians of philosophy and culture. Author analyzes Herzen’s creativity in estimations of Russian and foreign historians of philosophy and culture of the past and the present. He attempts to avoid the unilateral estimations and to show many-sided nature and ambiguity of Herzen’s world outlook searches. That’s why in this review he pays equal attention to the views on Herzen's creativity and personality of both the Slavophiles and liberal philosophers. Thus, author discusses Isaiah Berlin’s attitude to Herzen’s social activity and creativity from point of view liberal-democracy as well from point of view Russian religious thinkers, such as N.N. Strakhov, F.M. Dostoevsky, S.N. Bulgakov, P.B. Struve, G. Florovsky, V.V. Zenkovsky, etc., and nowadays researchers. The author also investigates evolution of Herzen’s historiosophical ideas: from Hegel’s determinism to even existential understanding of the history. As a result, Herzen appears not only as a revolutionary and a Westerner, but as a troubled, disappointed, suffering thinker who valued freedom of individuality above everything.