The purpose of this paper is to disclose the social cause and effect links of the development of the agrarian AI economy and to determine the prospects for its sustainable development, i.e. optimisation of its social implications through change management. Based on the international statistics for 2022 and using the methods of regression, correlation, and trend analysis, we prove that, in combination with electronic infrastructure, expanded capabilities of the AI economy for social communications allow optimising its implications, i.e. ensuring its sustainable development. The paper's originality consists in a reconsideration of the agrarian AI economy from the position of society and description of its previously unknown—social—nature, and the development of a new approach to its sustainable development. The practical significance of the paper is that the developed approach to the management of the development of the agrarian AI economy will allow raising the effectiveness of this management and will maximise its contribution to the increase in the population’s quality of life and strengthening of food security. The scientific novelty of the authors’ conclusions lies in their discovering the essential difference between the social implications of the development of the AI economy in agriculture and these implications in other sectors. The research results showed that, unlike most other spheres, the development of the AI economy leads to an aggravation of social risks but to the creation of social advantages in agriculture. Given this conclusion, a unique approach for agriculture to sustainable development in the AI economy was developed—not through limitation but through stimulation of digitalisation with particular attention to technological support for the optimisation of social communications.