This article attempts to define the meaning of nonrenewable energy resource and environmental sustainability and examine the impact of non-renewable energy on the environmental sustainability of Nigeria. It examines the type of energy source majorly used in Nigeria, outlines the negative consequences of non-renewables in Nigeria by expatiating on the effects nonrenewables have on the population, economy, biodiversity and climate in Nigeria and the world at large. It also examines renewable energy as an alternative source of energy in Nigeria in order to combat the issue of environmental degradation. The study uses secondary data from journals, articles, news and other relevant materials in order to obtain data for the purpose of the study. It also has a doctrinal approach whereby laws are used to further expatiate on the issue. The analysis leads to the conclusion that non-renewable energy resource is the main source of energy used in Nigeria which causes environmental degradation and the only solution is to use an alternative source of energy which comes with some advantages and disadvantages when implementing it in Nigeria.