In this article are examined the issues of preserving the naturalenvironment of the Altai Republic in the context of the agro-industrialcomplex development. It is shown that agriculture played a leading role inthe economy of the region both in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. Themain factors of the impact of the agro-industrial complex on the naturalenvironment of the region are associated with the fencing of maralnurseries, arable lands and hay lands, and, accordingly, with the violationof the migration routes of ungulates. The chemicalization of agricultureand overgrazing of livestock in some areas have a certain impact on theflora and fauna, water bodies and soil cover. At present, in general, thedevelopment of the agro-industrial complex does not have a significantimpact on the natural environment of the region.