New Prospects of Waste Involvement in Marine Fuel Oil: Evolution of Composition and Requirements for Fuel with Sulfur Content up to 0.5%

Research was carried out on the possibility of involving oil refining wastes and petrochemical by-products in marine fuel oil. It was shown that the properties of the studied products (VAT distillation residue of butyl alcohols, heavy pyrolysis tar, desalted phenol production tar, waste motor oil mixture) mainly differ from primary and secondary oil refining products used in this fuel with increased toxicity (hazard classes 2 and 3). A clear disadvantage of waste motor oils is an increased content of metals, particularly zinc, calcium and phosphorus, which leads to high ash content. Recommended concentrations for introducing components into marine fuels are given. The influences of the composition and sulfur content on operational properties and quality indexes of VLSFO were also studied. It is shown that the use of products of deep hydrotreatment of vacuum-distillate fractions of oil processing can worsen its protective (anticorrosive) properties and colloidal stability; therefore, a reduction of sulfur content below 0.1% in this fuel is inexpedient without the use of additives. The requirements for VLSFO quality indicators have been developed. Application of VLSFO corresponding to the developed requirements will provide an increase in performance of ship power plants and the stability of VLSFO quality, which will contribute to cost reduction of ship owners when using it.