This work examines the system of public education in Semirechenskaya Oblast in the period 1867–1917, i.e. from the formation of this territorial unit to the collapse of the Russian Empire. The principal sources for this study are relevant documents from the Russian State Historical Archive (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation) and a vast body of statistical information for the prerevolutionary period gathered by the Semirechenskaya Oblast Statistics Committee. The archival materials are represented by relevant documents from Holding No. 733 (‘Department of Public Education at the Ministry of Public Education’), while the statistical materials are derived from The Semirechenskaya Oblast Review, The Memorandum Book for Semirechenskaya Oblast, and The Address Calendar for Semirechenskaya Oblast.