The digitalization of society is characterized by the widespread of information technology, the Internet, social media, and the Internet of Things in everyday lives. The dramatic digitalization of the last decade transformed many aspects of working life and routines for many people. Managing, accessing, interpreting, and using data on the Internet require specific skills. All of the more important skills people need to master are related to digital literacy that is required to assess the quality of the information received and analyze it. Digital competencies are becoming essential for survival in the modern world. This article presents the assessment procedure for digital competencies developed by the authors. The authors reviewed research works on digital skills and presented their interpretation of those. They also present some global definitions of digital economy competencies. Moreover, the authors compared the results of the research works on the digital skill divide. The article presents the results of digitalization level analysis in the Russian Federation. The authors formulated the principles to divide the population of the Russian Federation into groups to conduct research and determined the prominence of digital skills on the micro-level in the context of the digitalization of the economy. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.