RETROSPECTIVE OF CONFLICT AND PEACE BUILDING IN SOMALIA

Somalia, located in East Africa, got its independence from the British and Italy in 1960. Somalis are Muslims and share one language, ethnic and culture. Somalia has been a state with no functioning government since the collapse of Mohamed Siyad Barre government in 1991. This article is to look carefully the major causes of Somalia civil war, internal and external actors in Somali conflict and study some of the challenges that have distressed peace efforts for the last 28 years. The fight for resources, power, clan rivalry, and colonial legacy are the major causes of the Somalia civil war. The unemployed youth, terrorism, poverty, and politics of clan identity have inflamed the problem. Finally, security, political stability, economic development and adjustment of justice are the ambitious of adorable peace in Somalia. The aim of the article is to outline the general retrospective of the conflict development in Somalia and the attempts of the African Union to establish peacebuilding process