The article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of bilingualism in the paradigms of linguistic and linguodidactic knowledge. The problems of bilingualism are of undoubted interest to linguists. Scientific research of bilingualism began at the end of the XIX century, but till the middle of the XX century bilingualism was almost not studied. Active research of problems of children's bilingualism begins in the last decade of XX century and continues nowadays. It should be noted that the problem of bilingualism is quite multifaceted and multidimensional. In this article for the phenomenon of bilingualism is applied complex approach considering it as the linguistic, philosophical, psychological, pedagogical and other fields of knowledge. © BEIESP.