In this article, pollution is defined as the stock or flow of physical substances that diminish one's ability to enjoy life. In this definition, pollution includes a wide range of phenomena. The authors identify the following elements of pollution: natural waste, pollution of air and water pollution, depletion of soil from excessive use, radiation, intensive use of natural resources, exceeding the rate of their renewal. The authors have identified a fundamental similarity between tasks that at first glance appear to be different. The structure of control theory enables us to apply its apparatus to simple models of production and consumption. Optimal pollution control may require reducing some consumption, limiting the use of some production processes, and perhaps even limiting population growth. Pollution problems are problems of processes that change over time; this fact The problems of pollution are time-varying processes; this fact emphasizes the need to apply a dynamic control theory approach. © 2022 Reliability: Theory and Applications. All rights reserved.