IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN PAKISTAN: A CASE STUDY OF IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN GENERAL AND IN THE GILGIT BALTISTAN REGION OF PAKISTAN

The objective of this study is to analyze climate change and its adverse impact in Pakistan and the changes that have been occurred in the past years, such as its impact on vulnerable areas; agriculture, infrastructure, biodiversity, water resource, natural ecosystem, economy and human health. Furthermore, to overview the current consequences of climate change in all over Pakistan and to predict the challenges that could be expected in the future and how to mitigate and face those challenges. Analysis of the past depicts that; Global climate is altering the succession of both natural and anthropogenic activities and it is imposing direct consequences on human endurance. In order to overcome greenhouse gases emission, it will be necessary to understand the climate changes impacts in Pakistan, it's main causes, mitigation processes, adaptation and future strategies. Pakistan is an agriculture country which ranks 5th in the world in terms of one of the most vulnerable country affected by climate change but ranks 135th in the world in terms of Greenhouse gases emission. Climate change had seriously harmed Pakistan with the history's worst drought that the country experienced in 1998-2001 and the history's worst flood hit in 2010. The impacts of climate change were felt this year again in all dimensions of sustainable development, economic, social as well as environmental. Problems are most likely to arise in overall the country, where it will exert adverse stress on the resources and economy, because the resources are already under stress. The work also highlights the adaptation and mitigation measures and identifies the central elements that will be necessary in the climate change action change of Pakistan and stresses their mainstreaming into the national development policies and plans.