Overview: Recent advances in the understanding of the northern Eurasian environments and of the urban air quality in China-a Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX) programme perspective

The Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX) Science Plan, released in 2015, addressed a need for a holistic system understanding and outlined the most urgent research needs for the rapidly changing Arctic-boreal region. Air quality in China, together with the long-range transport of atmospheric pollutants, was also indicated as one of the most crucial topics of the research agenda. These two geographical regions, the northern Eurasian Arctic-boreal region and China, especially the megacities in China, were identified as a "PEEX region". It is also important to recognize that the PEEX geographical region is an area where science-based policy actions would have significant impacts on the global climate. This paper summarizes results obtained during the last 5 years in the northern Eurasian region, together with recent observations of the air quality in the urban environments in China, in the context of the PEEX programme. The main regions of interest are the Russian Arctic, northern Eurasian boreal forests (Siberia) and peatlands, and the megacities in China. We frame our analysis against research themes introduced in the PEEX Science Plan in 2015. We summarize recent progress towards an enhanced holistic understanding of the land-atmosphere-ocean systems feedbacks. We conclude that although the scientific knowledge in these regions has increased, the new results are in many cases insufficient, and there are still gaps in our understanding of large-scale climate-Earth surface interactions and feedbacks. This arises from limitations in research infrastructures, especially the lack of coordinated, continuous and comprehensive in situ observations of the study region as well as integrative data analyses, hindering a comprehensive system analysis. The fast-changing environment and ecosystem changes driven by climate change, socio-economic activities like the China Silk Road Initiative, and the global trends like urbanization further complicate such analyses. We recognize new topics with an increasing importance in the near future, especially "the enhancing biological sequestration capacity of greenhouse gases into forests and soils to mitigate climate change"and the "socio-economic development to tackle air quality issues". © Copyright:

Authors
Lappalainen H.K.1, 36 , Petäjä T.1 , Vihma T.2 , Räisänen J.1 , Baklanov A.3 , Chalov S.4 , Esau I.5, 44 , Ezhova E.1 , Leppäranta M.1 , Pozdnyakov D.6, 23 , Pumpanen J.7 , Andreae M.O.8, 41, 42 , Arshinov M.9 , Asmi E.2 , Bai J.10 , Bashmachnikov I.6 , Belan B.9 , Bianchi F.1 , Biskaborn B.11 , Boy M.1 , Bäck J.12 , Cheng B.2 , Chubarova N.4 , Duplissy J.1, 43 , Dyukarev E.13 , Eleftheriadis K.14 , Forsius M.15 , Heimann M.16 , Juhola S.19 , Konovalov V.17 , Konovalov I.18 , Konstantinov P. 4, 32 , Köster K.12 , Lapshina E.20 , Lintunen A.1, 12 , Mahura A.1 , Makkonen R.2 , Malkhazova S.4 , Mammarella I.1 , Mammola S.21, 22 , Mazon S.B.1 , Meinander O.2 , Mikhailov E.23, 24 , Miles V.5 , Myslenkov S.4 , Orlov D.4 , Paris J.-D.25 , Pirazzini R.2 , Popovicheva O.26 , Pulliainen J.2 , Rautiainen K.2 , Sachs T.27 , Shevchenko V.28 , Skorokhod A.29 , Stohl A.30 , Suhonen E.1 , Thomson E.S.31 , Tsidilina M.38 , Tynkkynen V.-P.33 , Uotila P.1 , Virkkula A.2 , Voropay N.34 , Wolf T.5 , Yasunaka S.35 , Zhang J. 36 , Qiu Y.36 , Ding A.37 , Guo H.36 , Bondur V.38 , Kasimov N.4 , Zilitinkevich S.1, 2, 45 , Kerminen V.-M.1 , Kulmala M.1, 39, 40
Journal
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Number of issue
7
Language
English
Pages
4413-4469
Status
Published
Link
External link
DOI
10.5194/ACP-22-4413-2022
Volume
22
Year
2022
Organizations
  • 1 Institute For Atmospheric And Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty Of Science, University Of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
  • 2 Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, 00101, Finland
  • 3 Science And Innovation Department, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 4 Faculty Of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskiye gory, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
  • 5 Nansen Environmental And Remote Sensing Center, Bjerknes Centre For Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
  • 6 Nansen International Environmental And Remote Sensing Centre, Nansen Centre, Niersc, 14th Line 7, office 49, Vasilievsky Island, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
  • 7 Department Of Environmental And Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 1627 (Address: Yliopistonranta 1 E), Kuopio, 70211, Finland
  • 8 Max Planck Institute For Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
  • 9 V. E. Zuev Institute Of Atmospheric Optics (IAO) Sb Ras, Tomsk, 634055, Russian Federation
  • 10 Lageo, Institute Of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy Of Sciences (IAP-CAS), Beijing, 100029, China
  • 11 Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre For Polar And Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
  • 12 Institute For Atmospheric And Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty Of Agriculture And Forestry, University Of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
  • 13 Institute Of Monitoring Of Climatic And Ecological Systems Sb Ras, Tomsk, 634055, Russian Federation
  • 14 Erl, Institute Of Nuclear And Radiological Science And Technology, Energy And Safety, Ncsr Demokritos, Attiki, Greece
  • 15 Finnish Environment Institute Syke, Latokartanonkaari 11, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
  • 16 Max Planck Institute For Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
  • 17 Institute Of Geography Ras, Moscow, Russian Federation
  • 18 Institute Of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
  • 19 Faculty Of Biological And Environmental Sciences, University Of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
  • 20 Yugra State University, Khanty-Mansiysk, 634012, Russian Federation
  • 21 Finnish Museum Of Natural History (LUOMUS), University Of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00100, Finland
  • 22 Molecular Ecology Group (MEG), Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council Of Italy, (CNR), Verbania Pallanza28922, Italy
  • 23 St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
  • 24 Multiphase Chemistry And Biogeochemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute For Chemistry, Mainz, 55020, Germany
  • 25 Laboratoire Des Sciences Du Climat Et De l'Environnement, Ipsl CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
  • 26 Institute Of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
  • 27 Gfz German Research Centre For Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany
  • 28 Shirshov Institute Of Oceanology, Russian Academy Of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
  • 29 A. M. Obukhov Institute Of Atmospheric Physics, Moscow, 119017, Russian Federation
  • 30 Department Of Meteorology And Geophysics, University Of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
  • 31 Department Of Chemistry And Molecular Biology, University Of Gothenburg, Göteborg, 41296, Sweden
  • 32 Peoples' Friendship University Of Russia (RUDN), Lab. Of Smart Technologies For Sustainable Development Of Urban Environment Under Global Changes, Moscow, Russian Federation
  • 33 Aleksanteri Institute, University Of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
  • 34 V B Sochava Institute Of Geography Sb Ras, Irkutsk, 664033, Russian Federation
  • 35 Japan Agency For Marine-Earth Science And Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Japan
  • 36 Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy Of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
  • 37 Joint International Laboratory Of Atmospheric And Earth System Sciences (JirLATEST), Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
  • 38 Institute For Scientific Research Of Aerospace Monitoring "aerocosmos", Moscow, 105064, Russian Federation
  • 39 Aerosol And Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center For Soft Matter Sciences And Engineering, Beijing University Of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing, China
  • 40 Guangzhou Institute Of Geography, Guangzhou Academy Of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
  • 41 Department Of Geology And Geophysics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 42 Scripps Institution Of Oceanography, Ucsd, La JollaCA, United States
  • 43 Helsinki Institute Of Physics, University Of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
  • 44 Institute For Physics And Technology, Norwegian Arctic University, University In Tromsø, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
  • 45 Department Of Cryosphere, Tyumen State University, Tyumen, 625003, Russian Federation
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