Tracking development assistance for health and for COVID-19: a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2050

Background The rapid spread of COVID-19 renewed the focus on how health systems across the globe are financed, especially during public health emergencies. Development assistance is an important source of health financing in many low-income countries, yet little is known about how much of this funding was disbursed for COVID-19. We aimed to put development assistance for health for COVID-19 in the context of broader trends in global health financing, and to estimate total health spending from 1995 to 2050 and development assistance for COVID-19 in 2020. Methods We estimated domestic health spending and development assistance for health to generate total health-sector spending estimates for 204 countries and territories. We leveraged data from the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database to produce estimates of domestic health spending. To generate estimates for development assistance for health, we relied on project-level disbursement data from the major international development agencies' online databases and annual financial statements and reports for information on income sources. To adjust our estimates for 2020 to include disbursements related to COVID-19, we extracted project data on commitments and disbursements from a broader set of databases (because not all of the data sources used to estimate the historical series extend to 2020), including the UN Office of Humanitarian Assistance Financial Tracking Service and the International Aid Transparency Initiative. We reported all the historic and future spending estimates in inflation-adjusted 2020 US$, 2020 US$ per capita, purchasing-power parity-adjusted US$ per capita, and as a proportion of gross domestic product. We used various models to generate future health spending to 2050. Findings In 2019, health spending globally reached $8. 8 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 8.7-8.8) or $1132 (1119-1143) per person. Spending on health varied within and across income groups and geographical regions. Of this total, $40.4 billion (0.5%, 95% UI 0.5-0.5) was development assistance for health provided to low-income and middle-income countries, which made up 24.6% (UI 24.0-25.1) of total spending in low-income countries. We estimate that $54.8 billion in development assistance for health was disbursed in 2020. Of this, $13.7 billion was targeted toward the COVID-19 health response. $12.3 billion was newly committed and $1.4 billion was repurposed from existing health projects. $3.1 billion (22.4%) of the funds focused on country-level coordination and $2.4 billion (17.9%) was for supply chain and logistics. Only $714.4 million (7.7%) of COVID-19 development assistance for health went to Latin America, despite this region reporting 34.3% of total recorded COVID-19 deaths in low-income or middle-income countries in 2020. Spending on health is expected to rise to $1519 (1448-1591) per person in 2050, although spending across countries is expected to remain varied. Interpretation Global health spending is expected to continue to grow, but remain unequally distributed between countries. We estimate that development organisations substantially increased the amount of development assistance for health provided in 2020. Continued efforts are needed to raise sufficient resources to mitigate the pandemic for the most vulnerable, and to help curtail the pandemic for all. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Authors
Micah A.E.1 , Cogswell I.E.1 , Cunningham B.1 , Ezoe S.3 , Harle A.C.1 , Maddison E.R.1 , McCracken D.1 , Nomura S.3, 4 , Simpson K.E.1 , Stutzman H.N.1 , Tsakalos G.1 , Wallace L.E.1 , Zhao Y.X.5 , Zende R.R.1 , Abbafati C.8 , Abdelmasseh M.9 , Abedi A.10 , Abegaz K.H.13, 14 , Abhilash E.S.15 , Abolhassani H.16, 17 , Abrigo M.RM.27 , Adhikari T.B.28, 29 , Afzal S.30, 31 , Ahinkorah B.O.32 , Ahmadi S.33 , Ahmed H.37 , Ahmed M.B.38, 39 , Rashid T.A.40 , Ajami M.34, 41 , Aji B.42 , Akalu Y.43 , Akunna C.J.46, 47 , Al Hamad H.48, 49 , Alam K.50 , Alanezi F.M.55 , Alanzi T.M.51 , Alemayehu Y.56 , Alhassan R.K.57 , Alinia C.60 , Aljunid S.M.61, 62 , Almustanyir S.A.63, 64 , Alvis-Guzman N.65, 67 , Alvis-Zakzuk N.J.66, 68 , Amini S.70 , Amini-Rarani M.72 , Amu H.58 , Ancuceanu R.73 , Andrei C.L.74 , Andrei T.77 , Angell B.79, 80 , Anjomshoa M.18 , Antonio C.AT.81, 82 , Antony C.M.1 , Aqeel M.83 , Arabloo J.84 , Arab-Zozani M.90 , Aripov T.91, 92 , Arrigo A.93 , Ashraf T.94 , Atnafu D.D.97 , 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Journal
Lancet
Publisher
Elsevier Limited
Number of issue
10308
Language
English
Pages
1317-1343
Status
Published
DOI
10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01258-7
Volume
398
Year
2021
Organizations
  • 1 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
  • 2 Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA USA
  • 3 Univ Tokyo, Dept Global Hlth Policy, Tokyo, Japan
  • 4 Keio Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Tokyo, Japan
  • 5 Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med, Oxford, England
  • 6 Univ Oxford, Ctr Trop Med & Global Hlth, Oxford, England
  • 7 Univ Oxford, George Inst Global Hlth, Oxford, England
  • 8 Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Jurid & Econ Studies, Rome, Italy
  • 9 Marshall Univ, Dept Surg, Huntington, WV USA
  • 10 Univ Southern Calif, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA
  • 11 Univ Southern Calif, Radiol, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA
  • 12 Univ Southern Calif, Dept Radiol, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA
  • 13 Near East Univ, Dept Biostat, Nicosia, Cyprus
  • 14 Madda Walabu Univ, Dept Biostat & Hlth Informat, Bale Robe, Ethiopia
  • 15 Sree Narayana Guru Coll Chelannur, Dept Bot, Kozhikode, India
  • 16 Karolinska Univ Hosp, Dept Lab Med, Huddinge, Sweden
  • 17 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Res Ctr Immunodeficiencies, Tehran, Iran
  • 18 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Hlth Management & Econ, Tehran, Iran
  • 19 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Natl Inst Hlth Res, Tehran, Iran
  • 20 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Multiple Sclerosis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
  • 21 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
  • 22 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Environm Hlth Engn, Tehran, Iran
  • 23 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran
  • 24 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Tehran, Iran
  • 25 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Metabol & Genom Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
  • 26 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sina Trauma & Surg Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
  • 27 Philippine Inst Dev Studies, Dept Res, Quezon City, Philippines
  • 28 Aarhus Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Aarhus, Denmark
  • 29 Nepal Hlth Frontiers, Kathmandu, Nepal
  • 30 King Edward Mem Hosp, Dept Community Med, Lahore, Pakistan
  • 31 Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth, Lahore, Pakistan
  • 32 Univ Technol Sydney, Australian Ctr Publ & Populat Hlth Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  • 33 Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Sch Adv Technol Med, Tehran, Iran
  • 34 Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Natl Nutr & Food Technol Res Inst, Tehran, Iran
  • 35 Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Virtual Sch Med Educ & Management, Tehran, Iran
  • 36 Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Prevent Cardiovasc Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
  • 37 COMSATS Inst Informat Technol, Dept Biosci, Islamabad, Pakistan
  • 38 Jimma Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Jimma, Ethiopia
  • 39 Univ South Australia, Australian Ctr Precis Hlth, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  • 40 Univ Kurdistan Hewler, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Erbil, Iraq
  • 41 Natl Inst Nutr, Dept Food & Nutr Policy & Planning Res, Tehran, Iran
  • 42 Jenderal Soedirman Univ, Fac Med & Publ Hlth, Purwokerto, Indonesia
  • 43 Univ Gondar, Dept Med Physiol, Gondar, Ethiopia
  • 44 Univ Gondar, Dept Clin Pharm, Gondar, Ethiopia
  • 45 Univ Gondar, Dept Midwifery, Gondar, Ethiopia
  • 46 Intercountry Ctr Oral Hlth Afr, Dept Publ Hlth, Jos, Nigeria
  • 47 Fed Minist Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth, Garki, Nigeria
  • 48 Hamad Med Corp, Geriatr & Long Term Care Dept, Doha, Qatar
  • 49 Hamad Med Corp, Rumailah Hosp, Doha, Qatar
  • 50 Murdoch Univ, Murdoch Business Sch, Perth, WA, Australia
  • 51 Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Hlth Informat Management & Technol Dept, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  • 52 Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  • 53 Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Forens Med Div, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  • 54 Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Dept Pharm Practice, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  • 55 Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  • 56 Arba Minch Univ, Dept Midwifery, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  • 57 Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Inst Hlth Res, Ho, Ghana
  • 58 Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Populat & Behav Sci, Ho, Ghana
  • 59 Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Hlth Policy Planning & Management, Ho, Ghana
  • 60 Urmia Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Care Management & Econ, Orumiyeh, Iran
  • 61 Kuwait Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Safat, Kuwait
  • 62 Natl Univ Malaysia, Int Ctr Casemix & Clin Coding, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
  • 63 Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 64 Minist Hlth, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 65 Univ Costa, Res Grp Hosp Management & Hlth Policies, Barranquilla, Colombia
  • 66 Univ Costa, Dept Econ Sci, Barranquilla, Colombia
  • 67 Univ Cartagena, Hlth Econ Res Grp, Cartagena, Colombia
  • 68 Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Hlth Observ, Bogota, Colombia
  • 69 Natl Inst Hlth, Colombian Natl Hlth Observ, Bogota, Colombia
  • 70 Arak Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Serv Management, Arak, Iran
  • 71 Arak Univ Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Arak, Iran
  • 72 Isfahan Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Reasearch Ctr, Esfahan, Iran
  • 73 Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Pharm, Bucharest, Romania
  • 74 Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Cardiol, Bucharest, Romania
  • 75 Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Gen Surg, Bucharest, Romania
  • 76 Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Legal Med & Bioeth, Bucharest, Romania
  • 77 Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
  • 78 Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Management, Bucharest, Romania
  • 79 UCL, Inst Global Hlth, London, England
  • 80 George Inst Global Hlth, Hlth Syst Sci Program, Newtown, NSW, Australia
  • 81 Univ Philippines Manila, Dept Hlth Policy & Adm, Manila, Philippines
  • 82 Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Appl Social Sci, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
  • 83 Fdn Univ Islamabad, Dept Psychol, Rawalpandi, Pakistan
  • 84 Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
  • 85 Iran Univ Med Sci, Student Res Comm, Tehran, Iran
  • 86 Iran Univ Med Sci, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
  • 87 Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Physiol, Tehran, Iran
  • 88 Iran Univ Med Sci, Physiol Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
  • 89 Iran Univ Med Sci, Tehran, Iran
  • 90 Birjand Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Birjand, Iran
  • 91 Tashkent Inst Postgrad Med Educ, Publ Hlth & Healthcare Management, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
  • 92 Boston Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA USA
  • 93 Univ Vita Salute San Raffaele, Sci Inst San Raffaele Hosp, Milan, Italy
  • 94 Univ Lahore, Univ Inst Radiol Sci & Med Imaging Technol, Lahore, Pakistan
  • 95 Univ Lahore, Fac Allied Hlth Sci, Lahore, Pakistan
  • 96 Univ Lahore, Univ Inst Publ Hlth, Lahore, Pakistan
  • 97 Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Hlth Syst & Hlth Econ, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  • 98 Univ Leicester, Sch Business, Leicester, Leics, England
  • 99 Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Syst Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
  • 100 Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Nutr & Hlth Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
  • 101 Capella Univ, Sch Nursing & Hlth Sci, Minneapolis, MN USA
  • 102 Univ Nevada, Continuing Educ Writing Acad, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA
  • 103 Curtin Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Perth, WA, Australia
  • 104 RAND Corp, Badan Pusat Stat Cent Bur Stat, Santa Monica, CA USA
  • 105 Univ KwaZulu Natal, Discipline Publ Hlth Med, Durban, South Africa
  • 106 Univ Lagos, Dept Community Hlth & Primary Care, Lagos, Nigeria
  • 107 Univ Lagos, Dept Psychiat, Lagos, Nigeria
  • 108 Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Dept Healthcare Management & Educ, Shiraz, Iran
  • 109 Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Hlth Human Resources Res Ctr, Shiraz, Iran
  • 110 Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Shiraz, Iran
  • 111 Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Ctr Hlth Policy Res, Shiraz, Iran
  • 112 Univ Sultan Zainal Abidin Sultan Zainal Abidin Un, Biochem Unit, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
  • 113 Univ Sultan Zainal Abidin Sultan Zainal Abidin Un, Fac Business & Management, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
  • 114 Med Univ Lodz, Dept Hypertens, Lodz, Poland
  • 115 Polish Mothers Mem Hosp Res Inst, Lodz, Poland
  • 116 Hamedan Univ Med Sci, Deputy Res & Technol, Hamadan, Hamadan, Iran
  • 117 Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg Inst Global Hlth, Heidelberg, Germany
  • 118 Heidelberg Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Heidelberg, Germany
  • 119 Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA
  • 120 Harvard Univ, Ctr Primary Care, Boston, MA 02115 USA
  • 121 Harvard Univ, Div Gen Internal Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA
  • 122 Univ Gambia, Dept Publ & Environm Hlth, Brikama, Gambia
  • 123 Minist Hlth, Epidemiol & Dis Control Unit, Kotu, Gambia
  • 124 Imperial Coll London, Sch Publ Hlth, London, England
  • 125 Imperial Coll London, Imperial Coll Business Sch, London, England
  • 126 Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England
  • 127 Imperial Coll London, WHO Collaborating Ctr Publ Hlth Educ & Training, London, England
  • 128 Univ Munster, Dept Psychiat, Munster, Germany
  • 129 Melbourne Med Sch, Dept Psychiat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
  • 130 NYU, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, New York, NY USA
  • 131 NYU, Sch Global Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA
  • 132 Augusta Univ, Med Coll Georgia, Dept Med, Augusta, GA USA
  • 133 Charles Univ Prague, Dept Social & Clin Pharm, Hradec Kralova, Czech Republic
  • 134 United Arab Emirates Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates
  • 135 Govt Med Coll Pali, Dept Anat, Pali, India
  • 136 All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Community Med & Family Med, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
  • 137 All India Inst Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
  • 138 All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
  • 139 All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Forens Med & Toxicol, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
  • 140 NSW Brain Clot Bank, Neurovasc Imaging Lab, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  • 141 South West Sydney Local Heath Dist & Liverpool Ho, Dept Neurol & Neurophysiol, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  • 142 Univ Agr Faisalabad, Inst Soil & Environm Sci, Faisalabad, Pakistan
  • 143 Babol Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Babol, Iran
  • 144 Amer Univ Sharjah, Sch Business Adm, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates
  • 145 Univ Genoa, Genoa, Italy
  • 146 Univ Florida, Dept Epidemiol, Gainesville, FL USA
  • 147 Univ Florida, Hlth Canc Ctr, Canc Populat Sci Program, Gainesville, FL USA
  • 148 Ohio State Univ, Psychiat & Behav Hlth Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
  • 149 Ohio State Univ, Dept Psychol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
  • 150 Ohio State Univ, Div Cardiovasc Med, Columbus, OH USA
  • 151 RUDN Univ, Inst Med, Moscow, Russia
  • 152 IM Sechenov First Moscow State Med Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Evidence Based Med, Moscow, Russia
  • 153 Tech Univ Berlin, Dept Hlth Care Management, Berlin, Germany
  • 154 Peruvian Univ Cayetano Heredia, Sch Publ Hlth & Adm, Lima, Peru
  • 155 Monash Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
  • 156 Hosp Italiano Buenos Aires, Dept Internal Med, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina
  • 157 Argentine Soc Med, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina
  • 158 Univ Nacl Colombia, Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Evaluat Grp, Bogota, Colombia
  • 159 Inst Hlth Carlos III, Natl Sch Publ Hlth, Madrid, Spain
  • 160 Ottawa Hosp Res Inst, Clin Epidemiol Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  • 161 Medanta Medicity, Dept Microbiol & Infect Control, Gurugram, India
  • 162 Texila Amer Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Georgetown, Guyana
  • 163 Univ Toronto, Dept Med, Toronto, ON, Canada
  • 164 Global Inst Publ Hlth, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
  • 165 Univ Bologna, Dept Med & Surg Sci, Bologna, Italy
  • 166 Univ Bologna, Dept Biomed & Neuromotor Sci, Bologna, Italy
  • 167 Kyoto Univ, Dept Hlth Informat, Kyoto, Japan
  • 168 Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Kyoto, Japan
  • 169 Mid Sweden Univ, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Sundsvall, Sweden
  • 170 Al Farabi Kazakh Natl Univ, Higher Sch Publ Hlth, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan
  • 171 Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
  • 172 Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India
  • 173 Clin Emergency Hosp Sf Pantelimon, Dept Surg, Bucharest, Romania
  • 174 Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Clin Med, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
  • 175 Dr Baba Sahib Ambedkar Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Community Med, Delhi, India
  • 176 Univ Peradeniya, Dept Community Med, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
  • 177 Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Tabriz, Iran
  • 178 Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Dept Med Surg Nursing, Tabriz, Iran
  • 179 Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Tabriz, Iran
  • 180 Univ Windsor, Off Inst Anal, Windsor, ON, Canada
  • 181 Cairo Univ, Reference Lab Egyptian, Minist Higher Educ & Sci Res, Cairo, Egypt
  • 182 Alexandria Univ, Pediat Dent & Dent Publ Hlth Dept, Alexandria, Egypt
  • 183 Hawassa Univ, Sch Nursing, Hawassa, Ethiopia
  • 184 Hawassa Univ, Sch Midwifery, Hawassa, Ethiopia
  • 185 Ravensburg Weingarten Univ Appl Sci, Inst Gerontol Hlth Serv & Nursing Res, Weingarten, Germany
  • 186 Natl Acad Med Sci Ukraine, Inst Gerontol, Kiev, Ukraine
  • 187 Univ Porto, Dept Community Med Informat & Hlth Decis Sci, Porto, Portugal
  • 188 Univ Porto, Associated Lab Green Chem, Porto, Portugal
  • 189 Univ Porto, Ctr Hlth Technol & Serv Res, Porto, Portugal
  • 190 Ctr Hlth Technol & Serv Res, Porto, Portugal
  • 191 Kobe Univ, Dept Dermatol, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
  • 192 Semmelweis Univ, Hlth Serv Management Training Ctr, Budapest, Hungary
  • 193 Semmelweis Univ, Fac Hlth & Publ Adm, Budapest, Hungary
  • 194 Sapientia Hungarian Univ Transylvania, Dept Appl Social Sci, Targu Mures, Romania
  • 195 Cleveland Clin, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
  • 196 Cleveland Clin, Dept Hypertens & Nephrol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
  • 197 Cleveland Clin, Inst Heart & Vasc, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
  • 198 Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA
  • 199 Univ Autonoma Chile, Fac Business & Management, Talca, Chile
  • 200 King Edward Mem Hosp, Dept Radiol, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
  • 201 Islamic Azad Univ, Young Researchers & Elite Club, Rasht, Iran
  • 202 Islamic Azad Univ, Dept Biol, Tehran, Iran
  • 203 Univ Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Dept Publ Hlth, Samarinda, Indonesia
  • 204 Afro Asian Inst, Lahore, Pakistan
  • 205 Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Hlth Syst & Policy Res, Gandhinagar, India
  • 206 Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Gandhinagar, India
  • 207 Univ Western Australia, Australia India Inst New Generat Network, Perth, WA, Australia
  • 208 Univ Western Australia, UWA Publ Policy Inst, Perth, WA, Australia
  • 209 Case Western Reserve Univ, Harrington Heart & Vasc Inst, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
  • 210 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Nutr & Prevent Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
  • 211 Case Western Reserve Univ, Div Pediat Gastroenterol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
  • 212 Deakin Univ, Sch Med, Geelong, Vic, Australia
  • 213 Macquarie Univ, Dept Clin Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  • 214 TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth & Populat, Boston, MA USA
  • 215 Ohio Univ, Dept Social & Publ Hlth, Athens, OH 45701 USA
  • 216 Univ Bergen, Dept Global Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Bergen, Norway
  • 217 Univ Bergen, Ctr Int Hlth, Bergen, Norway
  • 218 Univ Bergen, Bergen Ctr Ethics & Prior Setting, Bergen, Norway
  • 219 Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart Univ, Sch Hlth & Environm Studies, Dubai, U Arab Emirates
  • 220 Univ Syiah Kuala Syiah Kuala Univ, Med Res Unit, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
  • 221 Inst Publ Hlth Sci, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia Maju, Indonesian Adv Coll Hlth Sci, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • 222 Al Azhar Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, Cairo, Egypt
  • 223 Univ Vet & Anim Sci, Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Lahore, Pakistan
  • 224 Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Pharm Adm & Clin Pharm, Xian, Shaanxi, Peoples R China
  • 225 Cairo Univ, Dept Neurol, Cairo, Egypt
  • 226 London South Bank Univ, Sch Business, London, England
  • 227 Taiz Univ, Dept Appl Microbiol, Taizi, Yemen
  • 228 Nankai Univ, Dept Microbiol, Tianjin, Peoples R China
  • 229 Kasturba Med Coll & Hosp, Mangalore, India
  • 230 Manipal Coll Pharmaceut Sci, Manipal, India
  • 231 Manipal Coll Dent Sci, Manipal, India
  • 232 Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Community Med, Manipal, India
  • 233 Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Hlth Informat Management, Manipal, India
  • 234 Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Maternal & Child Hlth Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  • 235 Natl Inst Legal Med Mina Minovici, Clin Legal Med Dept, Bucharest, Romania
  • 236 Univ Sydney, Sch Publ Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  • 237 Univ Sydney, Sydney Med Sch, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  • 238 Univ Sydney, Save Sight Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  • 239 China Med Univ, Dept Occupat Safety & Hlth, Taichung, Taiwan
  • 240 Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Publ Hlth, Naples, Italy
  • 241 Bashkir State Med Univ, Dept Infect Dis, Ufa, Russia
  • 242 Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Lab Publ Hlth Indicators Anal & Hlth Digitalizat, Moscow, Russia
  • 243 Univ Ibadan, Dept Community Med, Ibadan, Nigeria
  • 244 Univ Ibadan, Dept Med, Ibadan, Nigeria
  • 245 Univ Coll Hosp, Dept Community Med, Ibadan, Nigeria
  • 246 Univ Coll Hosp, Dept Med, Ibadan, Nigeria
  • 247 Deakin Univ, Inst Phys Activ & Nutr, Burwood, Vic, Australia
  • 248 Deakin Univ, Dept Econ, Burwood, Vic, Australia
  • 249 MAHSA Univ, Dept Clin Pharm, Bandar Saujana Putra, Malaysia
  • 250 Univ Catania, Dept Gen Surg & Surg Med Specialties, Catania, Italy
  • 251 Hosei Univ, Inst Comparat Econ Studies, Tokyo, Japan
  • 252 Univ Kragujevac, Dept Global Hlth Econ & Policy, Kragujevac, Serbia
  • 253 Boston Univ, Hlth Informat Lab, Boston, MA 02215 USA
  • 254 Boston Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA
  • 255 Minist Hlth, Ctr Studies & Res, Muscat, Oman
  • 256 Univ Colombo, Dept Physiol, Colombo, Sri Lanka
  • 257 Univ Colombo, Dept Pharmacol, Colombo, Sri Lanka
  • 258 Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Exercise & Nutr Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
  • 259 Univ Florida, Dept Urol, Jacksonville, FL USA
  • 260 Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Community Med, Delhi, India
  • 261 Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Community Med, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
  • 262 Beijing Tongren Hosp, Beijing Inst Ophthalmol, Beijing, Peoples R China
  • 263 Guilan Univ Med Sci, Gastrointestinal & Liver Dis Res Ctr, Rasht, Iran
  • 264 Guilan Univ Med Sci, Caspian Digest Dis Res Ctr, Rasht, Iran
  • 265 Univ Tartu, Inst Family Med & Publ Hlth, Tartu, Estonia
  • 266 Flinders Univ S Australia, Hlth Econ Unit, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  • 267 Flinders Univ S Australia, Coll Med & Publ Hlth, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  • 268 Flinders Univ S Australia, Hlth & Social Care Econ Grp, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  • 269 Qazvin Univ Med Sci, Inst Prevent Noncommunicable Dis, Qazvin, Iran
  • 270 Qazvin Univ Med Sci, Hlth Serv Management Dept, Qazvin, Iran
  • 271 South Eastern Sydney Local Hlth Dist, Sydney Eye Hosp, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  • 272 Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran
  • 273 Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran
  • 274 Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Social Dev & Hlth Promot Res Ctr, Kermanshah, Iran
  • 275 Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Educ & Hlth Promot, Kermanshah, Iran
  • 276 Inst Human Virol Nigeria, Int Res Ctr Excellence, Abuja, Nigeria
  • 277 Univ Utrecht, Julius Ctr Hlth Sci & Primary Care, Utrecht, Netherlands
  • 278 Alborz Univ Med Sci, Sch Hlth, Karaj, Iran
  • 279 Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Publ Hlth, Irbid, Jordan
  • 280 Amity Univ, Amity Inst Forens Sci, Noida, India
  • 281 Baku State Univ, Dept Biophys & Biochem, Baku, Azerbaijan
  • 282 Moscow State Pedag Univ, Russian Inst Adv Study, Moscow, Russia
  • 283 Zahedan Univ Med Sci, Hlth Promot Res Ctr, Zahedan, Iran
  • 284 Int Inst Populat Sci, Dept Populat Studies, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
  • 285 Int Inst Populat Sci, Dept Dev Studies, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
  • 286 Int Inst Populat Sci, Dept Publ Hlth & Mortal Studies, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
  • 287 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA
  • 288 Yonsei Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South Korea
  • 289 Yonsei Univ, Inst Hlth Serv Res, Seoul, South Korea
  • 290 Xiamen Univ Malaysia, Sch Tradit Chinese Med, Sepang, Malaysia
  • 291 Kristiania Univ Coll, Sch Hlth Sci, Oslo, Norway
  • 292 Tulane Univ, Dept Global Community Hlth & Behav Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA
  • 293 Oslo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Nursing & Hlth Promot, Oslo, Norway
  • 294 Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Microbiol & Mol Cell Biol Dept, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA
  • 295 Kasturba Med Coll & Hosp, Udupi, India
  • 296 CIBERSAM, San Juan de Dios Sanit Pk, Sant Boi De Llobregat, Spain
  • 297 Catalan Inst Res & Adv Studies, Barcelona, Spain
  • 298 Panjab Univ, Dept Anthropol, Chandigarh, India
  • 299 Univ Indonesia, Fac Publ Hlth, Depok, Indonesia
  • 300 European Univ Cyprus, Dept Hlth Sci, Nicosia, Cyprus
  • 301 HelpMeSee, New York, NY USA
  • 302 Mexican Inst Ophthalmol, Queretaro, Mexico
  • 303 Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Sci, Uppsala, Sweden
  • 304 Uppsala Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Chem & Pharmacol, Uppsala, Sweden
  • 305 Father Muller Med Coll, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, Mangalore, India
  • 306 Monash Univ, Sch Pharm, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
  • 307 Taylors Univ Lakeside Campus, Sch Pharm, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
  • 308 Univ Sci Malaysia, Dept Med, Kota Baharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
  • 309 Univ Sci Malaysia, Sch Med Sci, Kota Baharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
  • 310 Meharry Med Coll, Dept Profess & Med Educ, Nashville, TN 37208 USA
  • 311 Mercer Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Macon, GA 31207 USA
  • 312 Egypt Minist Hlth & Populat, Dept Radiol, Mansoura, Egypt
  • 313 Minist Hlth & Populat, Dept Ophthalmol, Aswan, Egypt
  • 314 Saveh Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Saveh, Iran
  • 315 Univ Sharjah, Mass Commun Dept, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates
  • 316 Kurdistan Univ Med Sci, Environm Hlth Res Ctr, Sanandaj, Iran
  • 317 Kurdistan Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Sanandaj, Iran
  • 318 Emergency Univ Hosp Bucharest, Gen Surg Dept 1, Bucharest, Romania
  • 319 Technol Inst Coll Bolivar, Inst Tecnol Colegio Mayor de Bolivar, Cartagena, Colombia
  • 320 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Hlth Policy & Populat Res Ctr, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
  • 321 Univ Coverage, Joint Learning Network, Arlington, VA USA
  • 322 Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Dept Midwifery, Hamadan, Hamadan, Iran
  • 323 Mahidol Univ, Mahidol Oxford Trop Med Res Unit, Bangkok, Thailand
  • 324 London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Hlth Serv Res & Policy, London, England
  • 325 London Sch Hyg Trop Med, Dept Dis Control, London, England
  • 326 Autonomous Univ Hidalgo State, Dept Dent, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
  • 327 Helsinki Univ Hosp, Neurol Unit, Helsinki, Finland
  • 328 Helsinki Univ Hosp, Breast Surg Unit, Helsinki, Finland
  • 329 Univ Melbourne, Sch Hlth Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
  • 330 Univ Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
  • 331 Menoufia Univ, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Shibin Al Kawm, Egypt
  • 332 Dr Zora Profoz Polyclin, Clin Microbiol & Parasitol Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
  • 333 Univ North, Univ Ctr Varazdin, Varazhdin, Croatia
  • 334 Inst Social Innovat, Skopje, North Macedonia
  • 335 Ctr Reg Policy Res & Cooperat Studiorum, Hlth Policy & Management, Calverton, MD USA
  • 336 Pacific Inst Res & Evaluat, Calverton, MD USA
  • 337 Ananthapuri Hosp & Res Inst, Global Inst Publ Hlth, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
  • 338 Womens Social & Hlth Studies Fdn, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
  • 339 Kyrgyz State Med Acad, Internal Med Programme, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
  • 340 Natl Ctr Cardiol & Internal Dis, Dept Atherosclerosis & Coronary Heart Dis, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
  • 341 Univ Duhok, Coll Dent, Duhok, Iraq
  • 342 Lebanese French Univ, Dept Informat Technol, Erbil, Iraq
  • 343 Shahrekord Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Shahrekord, Iran
  • 344 Ahmadu Bello Univ, Hlth Syst & Policy Res Unit, Zaria, Nigeria
  • 345 Kings Coll London, Fac Life Sci & Med, London, England
  • 346 Pabna Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Pabna, Bangladesh
  • 347 Univ Warmia & Mazury, Dept Cardiol & Cardiac Surg, Olsztyn, Poland
  • 348 Kerman Univ Med Sci, Management & Leadership Med Educ Res Ctr, Kerman, Iran
  • 349 Kerman Univ Med Sci, Hlth Serv Management Res Ctr, Kerman, Iran
  • 350 Kerman Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Management Policy & Econ, Kerman, Iran
  • 351 Univ Nairobi, Sch Econ, Nairobi, Kenya
  • 352 Univ Nairobi, Sch Publ Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya
  • 353 Mekelle Univ, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  • 354 Mekelle Univ, Sch Pharm, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  • 355 Saveetha Inst Med & Tech Sci, Saveetha Dent Coll, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
  • 356 Initiat Financing Hlth & Human Dev, Res & Analyt Dept, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
  • 357 Bioinsilico Technol, Dept Res & Analyt, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
  • 358 Natl Res Univ Higher Sch Econ, Grad Sch Business, Moscow, Russia
  • 359 Natl Res Univ Higher Sch Econ, Dept Hlth Care Adm & Econ, Moscow, Russia
  • 360 Suraj Eye Inst, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
  • 361 Univ Sci Malaysia, Discipline Social & Adm, Petaling Jaya, Penang, Malaysia
  • 362 Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Clin Med, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
  • 363 Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Clin Hosp, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
  • 364 Univ Cent Punjab, Dept Biotechnol, Lahore, Pakistan
  • 365 Makerere Univ, Dept Dis Control & Environm Hlth, Kampala, Uganda
  • 366 Emergency Hosp Bucharest, Dept Gen Surg, Bucharest, Romania
  • 367 Bupa, Bupa Clemton Pk, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  • 368 Duy Tan Univ, Inst Global Hlth Innovat, Da Nang, Vietnam
  • 369 Duy Tan Univ, Fac Med, Da Nang, Vietnam
  • 370 Duy Tan Univ, Inst Res & Dev, Da Nang, Vietnam
  • 371 Univ Ghana, Sch Publ Hlth, Accra, Ghana
  • 372 Univ Adelaide, Ctr Heart Rhythm Disorders, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  • 373 Natl Hosp, Dept Pediat, Abuja, Nigeria
  • 374 Univ Liverpool, Dept Int Publ Hlth, Liverpool, Merseyside, England
  • 375 Univ Bucharest, Adm & Econ Sci Dept, Bucharest, Romania
  • 376 United Nations Childrens Fund, Social Policy Program, Abuja, Nigeria
  • 377 McMaster Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  • 378 Natl AIDS Control Comm, Community Prevent & Care Serv, Abuja, Nigeria
  • 379 Univ Bergamo, Dept Management Econ & Quantitat Methods, Bergame, Italy
  • 380 Ctr Healthy Start Initiat, Lagos, Nigeria
  • 381 Univ Nigeria Nsukka, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Enugu, Nigeria
  • 382 Yale Univ, Dept Genet, New Haven, CT USA
  • 383 Univ New South Wales, Sch Optometry & Vis Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  • 384 City Hlth & Sci Univ Hosp Turin, SSD Epidemiol Screening, Turin, Italy
  • 385 Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
  • 386 Univ Groningen, Sch Business & Econ, Groningen, Netherlands
  • 387 Fdn Valle del Lili, Clin Res Ctr, Cali, Colombia
  • 388 Univ ICESI, Ctr PROESA, Cali, Colombia
  • 389 Amirkabir Univ Technol, Dept Biomed Engn, Tehran, Iran
  • 390 Sharif Univ Technol, Dept Chem, Tehran, Iran
  • 391 Ahvaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Res Ctr, Ahvaz, Iran
  • 392 Ahvaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Educ Dev Ctr, Ahvaz, Iran
  • 393 Maharishi Markandeshwar Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Community Med, Solan, India
  • 394 Rajshahi Univ, Dept Populat Sci & Human Resource Dev, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
  • 395 Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol, Future Technol Res Ctr, Touliu, Yunlin, Taiwan
  • 396 Policy Res Inst, Res Dept, Kathmandu, Nepal
  • 397 Global Ctr Res & Dev, Hlth & Publ Policy Dept, Kathmandu, Nepal
  • 398 Univ Coll London Hosp, London, England
  • 399 Publ Hlth England, Acad Publ Hlth England, London, England
  • 400 CQ Univ, Sch Hlth Med & Appl Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  • 401 Western Sydney Univ, Sch Med, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
  • 402 Western Sydney Univ, Translat Hlth Res Inst, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
  • 403 Jahangirnagar Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Informat, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  • 404 Univ Calif San Francisco, Hlth Hub, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
  • 405 Ain Shams Univ, Dept Entomol, Cairo, Egypt
  • 406 Northern Reg Hlth Adm, Publ Hlth Unit, Vila Nova De Gaia, Portugal
  • 407 Univ Belgrade, Fac Med, Belgrade, Serbia
  • 408 Univ Belgrade, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Management, Belgrade, Serbia
  • 409 Bournemouth Univ, Fac Hlth & Social Sci, Bournemouth, Dorset, England
  • 410 GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Wavre, Belgium
  • 411 Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Wardha, India
  • 412 Charite Univ Med Ctr Berlin, Oral Diag Digital Hlth & Hlth Serv Res, Berlin, Germany
  • 413 Manian Med Ctr, Emergency Dept, Erode, India
  • 414 NHLBI, NIH, Rockville, MD USA
  • 415 Univ Edinburgh, Med Informat Ctr, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
  • 416 Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Mangalore, India
  • 417 Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Forens Med, Mangalore, India
  • 418 Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  • 419 Royal Coll Surgeons Ireland, Inst Global Surg, Dublin, Ireland
  • 420 Quaid I Azam Univ, Natl Inst Psychol, Islamabad, Pakistan
  • 421 Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Med, Birmingham, AL USA
  • 422 US Dept Vet Affairs VA, Med Serv, Birmingham, AL USA
  • 423 Moscow Res & Pract Ctr Addict, Dept 16, Moscow, Russia
  • 424 Moscow Res & Pract Ctr Addict, Lab Genet & Genom, Moscow, Russia
  • 425 Balashiha Cent Hosp, Dept Therapeut, Balashikha, Russia
  • 426 Univ Valencia, Dept Med, Valencia, Spain
  • 427 Carlos III Hlth Inst, Biomed Res Networking Ctr Mental Hlth Network CIB, Madrid, Spain
  • 428 Arbaminch Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Pharm, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  • 429 Univ Hosp Rainbow Babies, Dept Pediat, Cleveland, OH USA Childrens Hosp, Cleveland, OH USA;
  • 430 Natl Inst Populat & Social Secur Res, Dept Social Secur Empir Res, Tokyo, Japan
  • 431 Jagiellonian Univ Med Coll, Inst Publ Hlth, Krakow, Poland
  • 432 Agcy Hlth Technol Assessment & Tariff Syst, Warsaw, Poland
  • 433 Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Pathol & Legal Med, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
  • 434 Modestum, London, England
  • 435 Hanoi Med Univ, Dept Hlth Econ, Hanoi, Vietnam
  • 436 Nanyang Technol Univ, Lee Kong Chian Sch Med, Singapore, Singapore
  • 437 Natl Univ Med Sci, Multidisciplinary Dept, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
  • 438 Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Sch Govt, Santiago, Chile
  • 439 Velez Sarsfield Hosp, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina
  • 440 UKK Inst, Tampere, Finland
  • 441 IRCCS Fdn Don Carlo Gnocchi, Don Carlo Gnocchi Fdn, Dept Clin Res, Milan, Italy
  • 442 St Orsola Malpighi Hosp, Occupat Hlth Unit, Bologna, Italy
  • 443 Ho Chi Minh City Univ Technol, Fac Informat Technol, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
  • 444 Univ Gottingen, Dept Econ, Gottingen, Germany
  • 445 Nguyen Tat Thanh Univ, Ctr Excellence Behav Med, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
  • 446 Northeastern Univ, Cultures Societies & Global Studies & Integrated, Boston, MA 02115 USA
  • 447 Fed Inst Populat Res, Demog Change & Aging Res Area, Wiesbaden, Germany
  • 448 Ethiopian Publ Hlth Inst, Natl Data Management Ctr Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  • 449 Univ Newcastle, Res Ctr Generat Hlth & Ageing, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
  • 450 Nanjing Univ, Sch Med, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
  • 451 Univ Ottawa, Sch Int Dev & Global Studies, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  • 452 Suleyman Demirel Univ, Dept Hlth Management, Isparta, Turkey
  • 453 Univ Hong Kong, Ctr Suicide Res & Prevent, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
  • 454 Univ Hong Kong, Dept Social Work & Social Adm, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
  • 455 Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Dept Neuropsychopharmacol, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
  • 456 Juntendo Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Tokyo, Japan
  • 457 Jackson State Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Jackson, MS USA
  • 458 Tsinghua Univ, Sch Med, Beijing, Peoples R China
  • 459 Wuhan Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China
  • 460 Wuhan Univ, Sch Med, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China
  • 461 Univ South Carolina, Dept Clin Pharm & Outcomes Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
  • 462 Ardabil Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Ardebil, Iran
  • 463 Ardabil Univ Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Ardebil, Iran
  • 464 Russian Med Acad Continuous Profess Educ, Addictol Dept, Moscow, Russia
  • 465 Russian Med Acad Continuous Profess Educ, Dept Pediat, Moscow, Russia
  • 466 Dept Hlth Philippines, Hlth Technol Assessment Unit, Manila, Philippines
  • 467 MentalHealthPH, Quezon City, Philippines
Date of creation
16.12.2021
Date of change
16.12.2021
Short link
https://repository.rudn.ru/en/records/article/record/77355/
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