Origanum syriacum (O. syriacum) (L.) belongs to Group B of the genus Origanum from (Lamiaceae), which is rich in essential oils that exhibit antimicrobial efficacy, anti-inflammatory efficacy, antioxidant activity, and antitumor efficacy. These processing activities are because of its richness in carvacrol and Thymol. In this article, we will focus on O. syriacum, discussing the antimicrobial efficacy for its essential oil and extracts, in addition, cast light on mechanism of essential oil antimicrobial action. This study was conducted from March 2019 to February 2021. We have analyzed the results of studies on antimicrobial efficacy of a plant O. syriacum in the PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier over the past 15 years using keywords. O. syriacum essential oil and its extracts have an extensive antimicrobial efficacy give it a great importance in pharmaceutical and medical purposes. © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.