The paper focuses on the impact of product differentiation on the sustainable development of high-tech organizations. It is determined that in the face of financial constraints and a difficult geopolitical situation, the implementation of the differentiation strategy by launching the production of new products can help to increase the economic sustainability of the organization and reduce the risks of losing competitiveness in the market. Along with that, it is indicated that the differentiation is a rather complex and resource-intensive process; in this regard, it is important, firstly, to identify areas for the differentiation of production, and form an appropriate plan that includes various phased activities. Thus, when evaluating the differentiation projects, it is advisable to assess the level of risk during the implementation of the project, the technological complexity of the differentiation, its cost, the strategic importance of the project, and the structural dependence of the differentiation project on the related projects of the organization. As a result of the conducted study, with the use of multi-criteria optimization methods, the sustainability index of a high-tech organization is formed as a result of the implementation of measures for the differentiation. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.