Based on official statistics of the Russian Federal State Statistics Service and the Ministry of Healthcare, the article analyzes the state and dynamics of urological morbidity, along with urologic cancer incidence and mortality in adult population of the Central Federal District vs. entire Russian Federation (RF). It was established that genitourinary diseases are consistently at the top in the structure of RF population morbidity and mortality, often being among leading causes of disabilities as well. The analysis results, using the case-studies of specific nosological forms, constitute an important methodological and informative base for strategic planning of developing both medical and preventive care in the patients, as well as create essential basis for further improvement of specialized outpatient and inpatient types of a health care. © 2019, Orudzhev A.A., Breusov A.V.