Результаты разработки экспериментального образца прибора для неинвазивной диагностики состояния головного мозга с использованием метода многоканальной микроволновой радиометрии

Цель работы - рассмотреть метод многоканальной микроволновой радиометрии для использования при неинвазивной диагностике состояния головного мозга. Представлены результаты разработки и проведения исследовательских испытаний экспериментального образца прибора для неинвазивной диагностики состояния головного мозга с использованием метода многоканальной микроволновой радиометрии.

The results of the development of the experimental sample of the device for non-invasive diagnostics of brain state using the multi-channel microwave radiometry

Currently, in medicine, special attention is paid to non-invasive methods of brain research, which are used to monitor the dynamics of functional disorders, as well as for the diagnostics and treatment of cerebral circulation, strokes, tumors and various traumatic brain injuries. It is proved that there is a correlation between the dysfunction of organs and tissues of the body and changes in the local temperature of these organs. The great interest of medical workers and scientists in the fields of biology and biophysics to microwave radiometry is due to the fact that it is a bloodless, painless, operational and harmless method of measuring the depth temperatures of the internal areas of the human body based on the study of its own electromagnetic radiation of body tissues in the radio frequency range. The ability to obtain information about the temperature of tissues and parts of the brain at different depths quickly, and relatively inexpensive, makes microwave radiometry method an effective tool for mass preventive screening, since it is a very sensitive indicator of deviations in the dynamics of its functioning. The use of antenna arrays consisting of several antenna applicators and multichannel radiometric microwave receivers allows to do dynamic studies of deep (up to 5-7 cm) brain temperatures with a measurement accuracy of about 0.1°C. Computer processing of the measurements results of radio brightness temperatures makes it possible to display these results in the form of temperature maps, according to which the medical worker carries out the diagnostics of diseases. During the development of the device for the non-invasive diagnostics of functional state of the brain, it was proposed to use a multi-channel radiometric receiver and new designs of antenna-applicators operating in two frequency ranges to be able to measure radio-brightness temperatures at different depths and to get spatial patterns of temperature distribution in the brain. The purpose of this stage of project was to confirm the possibility to measure the radio-brightness temperature from the different depths of the biological object simulator by multichannel microwave radiometry in the wavelength ranges of 40 cm and 20 cm. The structure of the experimental sample of the device for non-invasive diagnostics of the brain state using the method of multichannel microwave radiometry was considered. The main functional units of the experimental sample of the device for the non-invasive brain diagnostics using the method of multichannel microwave radiometry were described. A technical solution ensuring the stability of measurements and reducing the influence of ambient temperature fluctuations by the microwave module thermostating was considered. To visualize the results of radio-brightness temperatures measurements, a special program was developed. It was designed to demonstrate experimental data of the temperature measurement of biological object simulator. The simulator of biological object used in the research was described. Research tests of the experimental sample of the device for non-invasive brain state diagnostics by the method of multichannel microwave radiometry were carried out. The method and the stand for carrying out research tests of the experimental sample were described. The curves of the temperature distribution along the length of the biological object simulator after its uneven heating were obtained. The obtained data correlate with the theoretical calculation of the temperature distribution and allow on their basis with the use of the application programs to get maps of radio brightness temperature of the studied object, which is the basis for the development of the algorithm for finding the 3D distribution of the radio brightness temperatures of the biological object (the brain).