MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN VACCINATION OF CHICKENS

Poultry farming is one of the most promising livestock sectors in the Russian Federation. The leading direction of poultry farming is the breeding of chickens, due to the fact that they are less whimsical in terms of feeding and keeping, that is, they are economically important, and most importantly they are a highly productive bird. In consequence of the foregoing, timely prevention of poultry from various infectious diseases is one of the most important tasks of veterinary specialists. The most common way to prevent these diseases is vaccination of the bird. To date, there are many ways of immunization, such as the alimentary method (it is the simplest, because the vaccine is water-soluble and does not require special equipment, but the drug consumption is large enough), conjunctival method (antigen conjunctiva eyes and it Quickly through the tear-nasal canal penetrates into the nasal cavity, here the mucous membranes of the nose and oropharynx are involved, but this method is quite labor-intensive), the aerosol method (the vaccine hits the surface of mucous membranes Shells, absorbed and causes an immunological reaction), the injection method (subcutaneous, intramuscular injections, in the wing membrane, also quite labor-intensive). The most effective and simple of these methods is the aerosol vaccination method, this is the most cost-effective method of vaccination (minimum expenditure of time, labor and stress of the bird). This method induces good local and immune responses of the body, but, like all methods, it has its disadvantages: not the same dose of vaccine and the risk of not inculcating the bird. It is impossible to select the most effective method of immunization, without a detailed study of the morphological features of the immune system.