Инвазивная инфекция, вызванная стрептококком группы А. Обзор литературы и клинический пример

Invasive infection caused by group A streptococcus. Literature review and clinical example

In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the incidence of invasive forms of group A streptococcal infections (GAS), which represent a serious public health concern due to their high mortality rates and complex diagnostic challenges. Following a temporary decline during the pandemic, there has been a significant rise in morbidity from this disease since 2022, particularly among children in countries such as Great Britain, France, and Russia. In Russia, a sharp increase in the infection rates was also observed in 2022, with continued growth in 2023. This surge is associated with the emergence of more virulent and adaptable strains. Invasive GAS infections, including sepsis, necrotizing fasciitis, toxic shock syndrome (TSS), pneumonia, and postpartum sepsis, are particularly prevalent among infants under one year of age, individuals over 50, and those with underlying health conditions. The rapid progression of the disease hinders timely diagnosis. Treatment often requires urgent, multidisciplinary care, frequently involving surgical interventions, as well as early empirical antibacterial treatment. The global prevalence of streptococcal resistance to macrolide and clindamycin antibiotics is on the rise, with the latter being a frontline medication that effectively inhibits the synthesis of the primary virulence factors in the pathogen. In the battle against this disease, priority must be given to timely medical intervention, comprehensive therapy involving intravenous immunoglobulin administration, ongoing efforts in strain surveillance, and the exploration of novel treatment modalities and preventive strategies. © 2025, Dynasty Publishing House. All rights reserved.