Comparative Assessment of Different Soybean Genotypes (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) for Early Maturity and Cold Resistance

This study focused on identifying promising initial material from the soybean (Glycine max L.) gene pool to develop early-maturing, cold-resistant, and high-yielding varieties adapted to local conditions. As a key protein-oilseed crop, soybean plays a vital role in the national economy, yet cultivation of this thermophilic crop in Northern Kazakhstan faces challenges such as cold sensitivity, short growing seasons, and temperature anomalies. Kazakhstan’s moderately warm, semi-arid climate (active temperatures of 2000–2200 °C) further complicates cultivation. A field experiment with 90 soybean varieties and lines was conducted in 2023, along with laboratory tests to assess cold resistance. Several cold-resistant genotypes were identified, including Kendou 61, Beidou 47, and Line 57, with Line 57 showing strong cold resistance confirmed by gene expression analysis. Early-maturing varieties displayed a range of yields (2.5-14.8 c ha-1), with some surpassing the standard Bara variety. Varieties like Ivushka, Progress, and Line 92 were identified as promising for breeding programs aimed at increasing productivity and ensuring early maturity. The study highlights the importance of early maturity in soybean cultivation in Northern Kazakhstan. The identified genotypes can be used in breeding programs to develop new soybean varieties that combine cold tolerance with high yield potential, supporting the national economy. © 2025, Engineered Science Publisher. All rights reserved.