4,7-Functionalization of Tetradentate Phenanthroline Ligands via Nucleophilic Substitution of Fluorine

An effective pathway for the functionalization of 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxamides (DAPhen) to positions 4 and 7 of the heterocyclic backbone by nucleophilic aromatic substitution was developed. The developed approach makes it possible to introduce various functional groups of almost any nature into positions 4 and 7 of the phenanthroline nucleus. The introduction of reactive functional groups, such as the azide group, has allowed for further functionalization. Thus, a set of novel symmetrically or unsymmetrically 4,7-disubstituted DAPhen ligands was prepared. © 2025 American Chemical Society