Machine learning-based demand response in PV-based smart home considering energy management in digital twin

Energy management (EM) systems need to have the flexibility to take the optimum real-time decision in the face of constantly varying market factors. Demand response (DR) has become the newest method of improving the performance and reliability of the electrical system. Here, an hour-ahead DR algorithm is proposed for EM at home. This paper presents an artificial neural network approach that uses stable cost predictions as a method for dealing with upcoming price uncertainties. For making optimum and decentralized decisions for various household devices, multi-agent reinforcement learning has been used along with predicted upcoming costs. This paper conducts the simulation with shiftable, non-shiftable, and controllable loads to determine the effectiveness of this suggested EM strategy. Based on the outcomes of the experiments, this suggested DR algorithm has capable of handling EM for a number of devices, minimizing consumer electricity expenses and discomfort prices, and helping the consumer considerably reduce its energy expenses in comparison to a benchmark using no DR. © 2023