Иммуногистохимическое исследование молекулярных основ онкологических заболеваний человека

В статье изложены результаты научных исследований сотрудников кафедры патологической анатомии медицинского факультета РУДН. Показано, что современная молекулярная диагностика опухолевого роста с использованием иммуногистохимического метода позволяет решать проблемы гистогенетической дифференцировки опухолей, оценить чувствительность анапластических клеток к стероидной противоопухолевой терапии и, таким образом, является необходимым компонентом современной практической онкоморфологии.

Immunohistochemical investigation of molecular basis of humane on cological diseases

Complex imunohistochemical investigation of ectocervix, endometrium and prostate tumors allows to value receptors to steroid hormones, as well as various expression of proteins that regulate apoptosis, and to indicate the beginning of the neoplastic changes in epithelial cells. Due to neoplastic epithelial transformation in ectocervix, the number of cells with Ki-67, P53 in nuclei is increased, while BCL-2 and ERs expression is decreased. Neoplastic epithelial cells at CIN III loused the receptors to estrogens. The results of imrnunohistochemical researches in endometrium have shown, that the factor P53 in compared with BCL-2 and BAX, may be helpful in differentiating of atypical hyperplasia from well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. The similar approach to study of oncologic diseases of prostate allows to differentiate legibly such diseases as a benign prostatic hypertrophy, prostate intraepithelial neoplasia and adenocarcinoma. The benign processes in secretory epithelial cells are characterized by presence of receptors to androgens in the cells nuclei and absence of BCL-2 in cells cytoplasm. Malignant cells loused the receptors to androgens and intensifying expression of BCL-2 in cytoplasm. The positive reaction on androgen receptors was marked in researches of BPH and adenocarcinoma samples in patients without progression. The average quantity of the stained nucleuses was authentically reduced in cases with progression.