Prospects for the Introduction of Evaluation Methods in the Process of Urbanization at Different Stages. Overview

In the conditions of modern town-building and town-planning practices, the trend is to change the existing land use, namely urbanization. Despite the large number of positive aspects that arise in the process and the results of urbanization, it is accompanied by many negative effects on environmental characteristics. In this connection, it is necessary to make various variants of an estimation of possible consequences, for decrease or neutralization of negative influence on ecological indicators. The urgency of work consists in formation of the uniform universal approach to decrease or neutralization of the processes worsening ecological characteristics of the zones subject to change of land use. This article outlines the main approaches to assessing the effects of urbanization on different levels of ecosystems, based on global experience. The aim of the work is the analysis and structuring of evaluation approaches related to the urban-ecological changes. Methods, in this article, are approaches to the assessment of ecosystem services, analysis of monitoring indicators of urbanized areas, features of mapping of land use change zones (GIS), social factor. The urgency of work consists in formation of the uniform universal approach to decrease or neutralization of the processes worsening ecological characteristics of the zones subject to change of land use