ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICATORS AND BODY COMPOSITION IMPACT ON THE INCIDENCE OF DYSANAPSIS IN ADOLESCENTS WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

Increase in the dysanapsis incidence in patients with bronchial asthma (BA) has been reported as the patients' body weight (BW) increases, but the effect of body composition, namely its fat component, on the incidence of dysanapsis has not yet been studied. The purpose of this research was to study the anthropometric indicators and body composition impact on the incidence of dysanapsis in adolescents with AD. Materials and methods used: a single-center observational cross-sectional pilot study of 101 adolescents (71.3% boys) aged 12 to 17 y/o (15.0 [13.0; 16.0] y/o median) with AD was conducted in the Nizhny Novgorod City Children’s Clinical Hospital № 1 (Nizhny Novgorod, Russia) in 2017–2023. All participants underwent measurement of anthropometric and spirometric indicators, determination of body composition and diagnosis for dysanapsis. Dysanapsis is diagnosed when three conditions are met simultaneously: 1) high or high-normal z of forced vital capacity (FVC) (over 0.674); 2) normal z forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (over –1.645); and 3) low FEV1/FVC index (below 80%). Results: fat ratio differed statistically significantly (p<0.001) depending on the selected groups according to the body mass index (BMI). The body fat content among patients with normal body weight was increased in 12.1% (7/58) of patients, and decreased in 34.5% (20/58); among patients with excess BW, 8.3% (3/36) had decreased weight, 41.7% (15/36) had normal weight; in all 7 obese patients it was increased. In the group of patients with normal BW, the incidence of dysanapsis was 19.0% (11/58), among patients with overweight and obesity – 46.5% (20/43, p=0.003). Among patients with different body fat content, the incidence of dysanapsis was: with a reduced fat content – 17.4% (4/23), with a normal fat content – 26.1% (12/46), with an increased fat content – 46.9% (15/32, p=0.042). Conclusion: the incidence of dysanapsis in children and adolescents with AD increases both as BMI increases and as the fat content in the patients’ body increases. An increase in body weight and body fat content may contribute to the formation and maintenance of an obstructive external respiration pattern in children and adolescents with BA. © 2024.