Intercultural communication usually refers to the communication behaviors that occur between people from different cultural backgrounds. Since the 17th century AD, intercultural communication between China and Russia has a history of nearly four hundred years. With the introduction of the “Belt and Road” initiative, intercultural communication between China and Russia have reached a new level. However, during intercultural communication, different languages and cultures bring many obstacles to exchanges. With the deepening of educational cooperation between China and Russia, universities have provided a multicultural environment in which, on the one hand, cultural communication have collided, and on the other hand, language practice has been used. In this context, obstacles to cultural exchanges still exist. This article adopts the literature research method and the investigation method. It mainly expounds and analyzes the cultural differences between China and Russia in intercultural communication from three aspects and gives suggestions for the integration of Chinese and Russian cultures. The purpose of this article is to cultivate students' intercultural communication awareness and improve students' intercultural communication skills. It is essential for both parties to strengthen mutual cultural understanding. Many examples have proved that the more communicators understand the cultural similarities and differences between the two sides, the more likely intercultural communication is to succeed.