This review shows a gap in the material related to the processing of thermal imaging data using metaharmonic equations. The existing literature rather poorly uses the theory of metaharmonic equations in medlical diagnostics. Despite the huge scientific base in the early diagnosis of tumors using mathematical models, everyone ignores the metaharmonic equations, considering them insufficiently accurate in matters of medicine. Based on a deep analysis of the existing mathematical literature regarding the analysis of thermal imaging data (44 scientific papers were studied), this review provides a modern and brief overview of the used mathematical models and methods, methods of data abstraction (obtained with thermal imagers) from a mathematical point of view and how the final results of the solved models are interpreted. This subject area of mathematical physics is implemented in the design and programming of medlical devices, which should, based on thermal imaging data, provide information about whether there is a tumor and, if there is one, its location in the body with a predetermined, accuracy. Based on the data obtained, a model of the body is built using mathematical modeling and the specific shape of the tumor and its location are indicated.