The article discusses the Second World War. The Second World War aggravated the economic and political contradictions of capitalism, shattered the economy of capitalist countries and deepened the general crisis of the world capitalist system. American monopolies have strengthened their economic positions, seized a number of markets. The expansion of American imperialism has led to an aggravation of contradictions between the United States and the rest of the capitalist countries, to an even greater instability of the world system of capitalist economy. Under these conditions, the monopolistic capital of the United States tried to cover the growing economic difficulties with an arms race and militarization of the national economy. © 2022, Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, Institut Istorii (Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of General Hist). All rights reserved.