В настоящее время ортогнатическое лечение пациентов со скелетными формами аномалий окклюзии получает все большее распространение. Оно позволяет в короткие сроки изменить не только функцию зубочелюстной системы, но и внешность пациента, что не может не отразиться на его психоэмоциональном состоянии. Огромное значение имеет психологический статус пациента, особенно после операции, в связи с трудностями, связанными с физическим восстановлением. В последнее время мы начали обращать внимание на методики реабилитации пациентов, которые оказывают позитивное влияние на состояние пациента. Цель исследования - оценить влияние методов реабилитации взрослых пациентов после проведения ортогнатических операций на психоэмоциональное состояние пациентов.
Материалы и методы.
Обследовали психометрически 42 пациента (33 женщины и 9 мужчин) 18-55 лет после ортодонтического, хирургического и реабилитационного лечения. Использовали шкалы и опросники для выявления доминирующих личностных черт, наличия симптомов тревоги и депрессии, оценки качества жизни, характерологический опросник Леонгарда, оценку мотивации одобрения Д. Марлоу и Д. Крауна, многофакторный личностный 16PF (Sixteen Personaflity Factor Questionnaire) Р. Кеттела, госпитальную шкалу оценки тревоги и депрессии (HADS), оценку качества жизни SF-36 health status survey.
Результаты.
Получены данные, указывающие на положительную динамику психоэмоционального состояния пациентов, перенесших оперативное лечение и находящихся на реабилитации. Необходимость такой реабилитации с психиатрической точки зрения обусловлена наличием у пациентов сформированных личностных аномалий и реактивных состояний тревожно-депрессивного спектра.
Currently, orthognathic treatment of patients with skeletal forms of occlusion anomalies is becoming more widespread. It allows in a short time to change not only the function of the dentition, but also the patient’s appearance, which also affects his psycho-emotional state. The psychological status of the patient is of great importance, especially after surgery due to the difficulties associated with physical recovery. Recently, we began to pay attention to the methods of patient rehabilitation, which have a positive effect on the patient’s condition. Purpose and objectives of the study: to assess the impact of rehabilitation methods for adult patients after orthognathic surgery on the psychoemotional state of patients.
Materials and methods.
42 patients (33 women, 9 men) aged 18-55 years, who underwent the orthodontic, surgical and rehabilitation stages of combined treatment, were examined. Patient examination methods included psychometric method using validated scales and statistical analysis. During the psychometric examination, a battery of scales and questionnaires were used to identify dominant personality traits, the presence of symptoms of anxiety and depression, a questionnaire to assess the quality of life: Leonhard’s characterological questionnaire; scale of assessment of motivation approved by D. Marlow and D. Crown; multifactorial personality questionnaire 16PF (Sixteen Personaflity Factor Questionnaire, 16PF) by R. Kettel; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); methodology for assessing the quality of life “SF-36 health status survey”.
Results.
In the course of the study, data were obtained indicating positive dynamics of the psychoemotional state of patients who underwent surgical treatment and are in rehabilitation. The need for such rehabilitation from a psychiatric point of view is due to the presence of formed personality anomalies and reactive states of the anxiety-depressive spectrum in patients. There were mainly unmarried women at the age of 19-29. All patients worked and studied, 68% of them had a higher education. Emotive (34,9%), hyperthymic (27,9%), exalted (23,2%) traits predominated in patients with congenital anomalies of maxilla-facial region. The dynamics of the approval from others showed a tendency to reduce the need of patients after rehabilitation for approval from others (from 8% to 25%). The subsyndromal depressive symptoms are completely reduced (up to 100%) during the rehabilitation course. The analysis of the results indicated a positive distinct dynamics (improvement) of the patients’ condition in terms of such indicators as “calmness’’, “low anxiety”, “trustfulness” and “conformism”. Patients at the end of rehabilitation noted a decrease in the intensity of pain and its impact on the ability to engage in daily activities, increased energy and its improved overall health and social functioning with a positive assessment of the patient’s current state of health and prospects for treatment in the future.