Rational use of natural resources is an integral part of building a production system in conditions of modern limited natural benefits and increasing the value of the quality of the natural environment around man. An efficient production system is at the heart of ensuring rational environmental management and the implementation of the UN's global goal of ensuring the transition to sustainable consumption and production patterns. The article is aimed at disclosing the concept and potential possibilities of using efficient production systems not only within the framework of environmental preservation, but also within the framework of ensuring the most rational use of state resources when pursuing a policy of import substitution. The authors of the article formulate a conclusion about the current state and prospects of using efficient production systems in the Russian Federation. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.