The method of the infinitesimal as the principle of the theory of knowledge in systematic constructions of H. Cohen

This article analyzes two works of the founder of the Marburg Neokantianism of Hermann Cohen, in which he proved the fundamental importance of the method of the infinitely small to the approval of independence and activity of thinking about this way of thinking knowable reality. More importance to the work of Cohen, "The principle of the infinitesimal method and its history" makes the fact that it indicates the beginning of the construction of the German philosopher's own system, in many respects different from Kant's philosophical system. The main difference here becomes Cohen to overcome the "dualism" of the system of his great predecessor by moving the reality of scientific experience in the sphere of thought. Therefore, knowledge of criticism should avoid any unpredictable lack of independence of thinking through the impact on his socalled "thing itself" (Ding an sich). According to Cohen, the criticism of knowledge outputs of thinking is not the so-called real things, and those logical premises, the concepts and knowledge, by virtue of which science objectifies phenomenon these things. Only in this sense we can say that the criticism of knowledge displays objects of nature of thinking. Criticism of knowledge asks not comprehended phenomena, but only that due to some concepts primarily mathematical objects, as the first phase of objectification phenomena in nature real object, connected with "object". In this context, the fundamental importance of thinking is the problem of ultimate beginning (Ursprung) thinking, which should allow the method of the infinitesimal. © 2018 Izdatel'stvo Nauka. All rights reserved.