Sanctions and import substitution as exemplified by the experience of Iran and China

The problem of the effectiveness of external sanctions as an instrument of pressure on three states that have adhered to but have abandoned the course of self-reliance is considered. The constructive base of this study is the idea of a conservative project that finds its imperative in reindustrialization. It is shown that the experience of new Russia has yielded the worst results, while China has demonstrated the best outcomes. Iran falls in between. © 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.