Inverse Sturm-Liouville problem with polynomials in the boundary condition and multiple eigenvalues

In this paper, the inverse Sturm-Liouville problem with distribution potential and with polynomials of the spectral parameter in one of the boundary conditions is considered. We for the first time prove local solvability and stability of this inverse problem in the general non-self-adjoint case, taking possible splitting of multiple eigenvalues into account. The proof is based on the reduction of the non-linear inverse problem to a linear equation in the Banach space of continuous functions on some circular contour. Moreover, we introduce the generalized Cauchy data, which will be useful for investigation of partial inverse Sturm-Liouville problems with polynomials in the boundary conditions. Local solvability and stability of recovering the potential and the polynomials from the generalized Cauchy data are obtained. Thus, the results of this paper include the first existence theorems for solution of the inverse Sturm-Liouville problems with polynomial dependence on the spectral parameter in the boundary conditions in the case of multiple eigenvalues. In addition, our stability results can be used for justification of numerical methods. © 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston 2025.