Review and adaptation of European Federation of Internal Medicine clinical guidelines on acute heart failure

The article discusses the adaptation of European Federation of Internal Medicine clinical guidelines for the management of patients with acute heart failure (AHF). An algorithm has been proposed for the differential diagnostic examination of patients with AHF and acute shortness of breath, signs of congestion, hypoxemia, including the determination of natriuretic peptides (NUPs) and/or cardiac troponin, assessment of the congestion severity using echocardiography, as well as the potential of chest radiography and lung ultrasound in certain clinical situations. Special attention is paid to methods for assessing and treating signs of fluid congestion, which have the most accurate prognostic value in patients hospitalized due to AHF. Assessment of the prognosis and the need for hospitalization of AHF patients in the intensive care unit are highlighted. Treatment strategies for patients with hypotension and low cardiac output are discussed. The latest guidelines for the treatment of patients with AHF, taking into account concomitant diseases, are presented. Indications for hospital discharge of patients with AHF, optimization of the further treatment plan, effective strategies for reducing the risk of rehospitalization and mortality, both at the hospital discharge and outpatient stage, are discussed. © 2024, Silicea-Poligraf. All rights reserved.