The incessant generation of waste materials and their management affect the environment’s safety and protection. Traditional waste management practices have shown a lack of proper measures. Thus, developing efficient technologies to convert waste into bioenergy through eco-friendly and sustainable approaches is vital. Due to climate change and carbon footprint, there is a great need to establish high-energy fuels such as biodiesel, bioethanol, and biogas from organic bio-wastes. This chapter demonstrates the potential for generating bioenergy/biofuels from various types of bio-waste through different thermochemical and biochemical routes. In addition, the chapter addresses the biochemical and thermochemical technologies to convert organic wastes into bioenergy for sustainable development. It has also conferred the origin of various organic wastes with organic waste-based biorefinery concepts concerning current and future uses. Thus, the intensification of strategies to convert organic waste into bioenergy production should be considered for economic, social, and environmental development. © 2025 Scrivener Publishing LLC.