The role of autonomic nervous system imbalance in the pathogenesis of hyperplastic laryngitis

A decrease in the mediator activity of nerve structures in organ tissues leads to the development of neurodystrophic changes and an increase in their sensitivity to certain influences. In these planets, it is important to assess the morphological characteristics of target structures, taking into account the neuro-dystrophic component of the disease. The aim of the study was to determine the activity of the peripheral adrenergic link of the trophic reflex and assessing the morphological features of the mucous membrane of the vocal folds in chronic hypertrophic laryngitis in patients with neurovegetative disorders. Materials and methods: the study involved 45 patients (37 men and 8 women) aged 23 to 72 years with a diagnosis of chronic hypertrophic laryngitis. An objective study of the upper respiratory tract, a cytological study of reprinted smears from the affected areas of the larynx, a study of the functional state of the ANS, as well as a histological and histochemical study of the removed tissue were carried out. Results. The examined patients were found to have dysfunction of the ANS in the form of insufficient or excessive autonomic support of activity. Morphological signs of keratinization of the epithelium of the mucous membrane of the vocal folds and its active proliferation, as well as dystrophic and atypical changes in cellular elements revealed as a sign of insufficient, tact and a sign of excessive vegetative support of activity. It was found that with insufficient vegetative support of activity, the proliferative activity of epithelial cells is more pronounced than that of a chemer with excess. The same applies to keratosis with atypia and dystrophic changes in the epithelium. Conclusions. The activity of the interstitial adrenergic nerve structures of the mucous membrane of the vocal folds correlates with the characteristics of autonomic activity. The weakening of the processes of synthesis, accumulation and excretion of neurotransmitter is associated with insufficient vegetative support of activity, and their strengthening is associated with excessive. The amount of neurotransmitter in peripheral nerve fibers and endings depends on the nature and intensity of manifestations of neurogenic dystrophies developing in executive tissues targets of adrenergic innervation.