China and Russia are rich in traditional festivals. Traditional festivals with a long history and rich content still attract people's attention today. Traditional festivals are an important part of social and family life. For social groups, festivals play a vital role in the normal operation of society. Traditional festivals are the product of the accumulation of historical and cultural traditions. They preserve the most primitive form and state of national culture and have important historical value.At present, there are many experts and scholars studying Chinese traditional culture and Russian traditional culture, but the systematic comparative study of Chinese and Russian traditional festivals is not very perfect. In order to better understand the social and cultural reality of the two countries through traditional festivals, this paper mainly starts from:Concept and significance of traditional festivals,Russian traditional festivals,Chinese traditional festivals,Cultural comparison between China and Russia.These four aspects comb and compare Chinese and Russian traditional festivals. From the comparative study of Chinese and Russian traditional festivals, we have a better understanding of the similarities and differences between the cultures of China and Russia, which helps language learners better understand and learn the language and culture, and also helps the people of our two countries better communicate.