The article considers small business as a factor of sustainable development of the economy of the islands in the Indian Ocean. The current situation in the region dictates that an entrepreneur is to become one of the central figures of the market economy on the islands of the Indian Ocean. Without a developed small and medium-sized business it is difficult to talk about the stability of the macroeconomic situation of states. As a result, at the dawn of independence, small business was identified in the islands of the Indian Ocean as the most important sector of the economy. There is no doubt that the economies of many countries of the world rely mainly on small and medium-sized enterprises. The dynamism of the latter determines the evolution of national economies, and as a result, the Indian Ocean Islands have high hopes for developing and improving a small business sector.