An interdisciplinary approach to the study of the relationship between cultural-historical types in terms of comparing their moral, psychological and philosophical foundations in a historical retrospective on the basis of the study of the works of the classics of Russian literature and geopolitics allows us to identify the differences between the two civilizations that have a projection in the 21st century. Understanding these differences in their historical and political context of contemporary events will allow us to work out the concept of teaching humanities on the basis of an integrated approach to the study international issues and relations between countries and peoples. We set the task to disclose the reasons that influenced the formation of European and Slavic-Russian characters, socio-political and economic relations.