ОЦЕНКА СОСТОЯНИЯ МИКРОБНЫХ СООБЩЕСТВ В НЕФТЕЗАГРЯЗНЕННЫХ ПОЧВАХ

ASSESSMENT OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES IN OIL-POLLUTED SOILS

In the present work, an assessment of soil microbiocenoses at different levels of oil pollution has been carried out. Under the conditions of the model experiment, data were obtained on the change in the number of microorganisms (fungi, non-spore-bearing bacteria, bacilli and actinomycetes) in sod-podzolic soil and typical chernozem, depending on the concentration of oil. At the same time, the dynamics of the change in microbiocenosis after a one-time oil contamination in time has been studied - for 8 weeks. It is established that in the conditions of oil pollution of soils, profound changes occur in the structure and functions of a complex of soil microorganisms. The tendency of a significant increase in the total number of fungi as the oil dose increases: in sod-podzolic soils, the maximum increase in their numbers was noted 4 weeks after contamination, 4.5 times at a 5 l/m² oil dose, 4.8 times in chernozem with an oil dose of 10 liters / m². Soil contamination with oil contributes to the inhibition of more sensitive species - actinomycetes and bacteria. Thus, in sod-podzolic soils, the number of actinomycetes and bacteria increases to a level of pollution of 5 liters / m², and then sharply decreases (the number of actinomycetes is 3 times, non-spore-forming bacteria 1.8 times, bacillus 2.3 times). In typical chernozem, the number of actinomycetes and bacteria is also decreasing, but not as sharp as in sod podzolic soil (actinomycetes - 1.2 times, non-spore-forming bacteria - 1.3 times, bacillus - 1.8 times). At the maximum oil dose (10 l/m²) over the course of time, the growth of the number of all groups of microorganisms is observed in both types of soil studied.