Зритель в истории античного театра: динамика роли и функций

Статья посвящена некоторым аспектам образа зрителя в театре античной древности. Автор рассматривает генезис и особенности зрительского восприятия в применении к различным жанрам античной драмы. Автор приходит к выводу о том, что коммуникация со зрителем к театре античности во многом опиралась на хор, исполнявший функцию посредничества между актером и зрителем; разделенность миров драматического события и публики вели не к сочувствию к герою (как к равному), но к страху и состраданию (в отношении мифического героя).

A spectator in the history of ancient theater: dynamics of the role and functions

In fact, the inception of spectator as an organized mass was associated with the organization of amphitheaters as seeing places for the game, actions of the chorus and actors. The problem of spectator in ancient theater has never been the subject of any particular serious research. Perceptual psychology and sociology of the theater audience have developed in those times, when talking about the audience perception in antiquity anything precise was not possible. However, the sources available today on the history and culture of ancient Greece can be judged not only on the social portrait of the theater audience, but also, more importantly, to try to re-create the schema of artistic communication. The spectator was aware of his experience as unique: ancient tragedy was written, in principle, for a one-time execution and focused on listening to the spectator, not the reader. While the relationship between the stage and the audience closer to comedy, than a tragedy, as the connection between the game and reality is quite clear. Spectators are regularly turned to, they are included within the play in different ways.