Over the past 20 years, the number of anemia cases has increased more than 6-fold. Unfortunately, the treatment of pregnant women with anemia using an iron supplement gives unsatisfactory results. However, the data from the present study can change situation for the better. This conclusion was derived from a comparative analysis of the treatment of 65 pregnant women suffering from anemia, divided into two groups: the study and control groups. Patients of the study group received, along with standard therapy, courses of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO). Evaluation of treatment efficiency was based on data from laboratory methods, Doppler, and cardiotocography before and after treatment, as well as a morphological study of the placenta. The received results show that the use of HBO in the complex treatment of pregnant women with anemia may take place in clinical practice both for treatment of anemia during pregnancy, and for the prevention of complications of pregnancy and childbirth.