В статье рассматриваются несколько моделей сравнительного анализа древнеегипетских и раннегреческих теокосмогоний, которые разрабатываются в настоящее время в рамках зарубежной египтологии и антиковедения. Особое внимание уделено попыткам сопоставления фундаментальных для древнегреческого и древнеегипетского мировосприятия мифологем «Дикэ» и «Маат» соответственно – как представляющим наибольший интерес с историко-философской точки зрения, – а также вопросу о возможности египетских заимствований в «Теогонии» Гесиода.
The article focuses on some philosophical aspects of comparative analysis of ancient Egyptian and early Greek thought, such as a question of the possibility of Egyptian influence in Hesiod’s “Theogony” (a question of philosophical and historical comparison of mythologems “Maat” (Egyptian goddess of truth, justice and world order) and “Metis” (a Zeus’s spouse, personifying some moral values, such as knowledge of virtue and evil) in ancient Egyptian and Greek mythology and religion using the material of Hesiod’s “Theogony” and some spells of ancient Egyptian Coffin Texts of Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom’s hymns to Amun-Re of Theban theology) and some attempts of the historical and philosophical analysis of categories “Maat” and “Dike” in modern Egyptology and Classical Studies, particularly in the papers of V.A. Tobin, J. Assmann, C.A. Faraone, E. Teeter, M. Bernal, W. Burkert. One of the mains author’s objectives is a complex analysis of the pre-philosophy as a first stage of the intellectual development of ancient man, directly predeceasing to genesis of philosophy as a special form of world-view and spiritual culture, especially in the question of the possible influences of ancient Egyptian thought on genesis of Greek philosophy, particularly in cosmogonical and ethical conceptions. Also an author attends to some radical “orientalist” lines of modern Classical Studies, such as a conception of Martin Bernal’s “Black Athena”, and it’s rating in modern Egyptology, studies of religion and history of philosophy.