Холодная война и мир: “Россия против всех” и четыре мировых порядка Р. Саквы

Статья посвящена освещению ключевых проблем, над которыми в своей книге размышляет Ричард Саква (Sakwa R. 2017. Russia Against the Rest. The Post-Cold War Crisis of World Order. Cambridge University Press. 362 p.), – феноменам холодной войны и холодного мира, а также эволюции постбиполярного мирового порядка, прошедшего три состояния (по “модели Горбачева”, “модели Буша” и “модели Трампа”) и на наших глазах переходящего к новой антигегемонистской модели. Ценностный кризис катализирует аксиологическую составляющую противостояния, и диалог между Россией и Западом происходит в разных гносеологических и эпистемологических пространствах. Новое состояние сбалансированного, “всеобъемлющего и инклюзивного” мирового порядка должно строиться на базе трансформации всех акторов мировой политики, экономической справедливости, сдвига глобальной политической власти с Запада на Восток.

Cold War and Peace: “Russia Against the Rest” and Four World Orders of R. Sakwa

The article is devoted to the key problems of Richard Sakwa’s recent book “Russia against the Rest. The Post-Cold War Crisis of World Order”: cold war and cold peace phenomena and the evolution of post bipolar world. Richard Sakwa provides a fresh and audacious analysis of the end of the Cold War, calls the current geopolitical axiology under question. The end of the Cold War did not create a sustainable peace system, because none of the fundamental problems of European security were solved without any “Post-Cold War peace conference” which would fix the world’s alignment of forces, and tensions accumulated. Instead, for “inglorious three decades” a “cold peace” reflected the tension between cooperative and competitive mode. As the end of this logic the crisis exploded in open conflict, provoking what some call a “new Cold War”. Russia Against the Rest book challenges the view that this is a new edition (Cold War 2.0.) of the old pending conflict, explaining how the tensions between Russia and the Atlantic community reflect a global realignment of the international system. The world order passed from Gorby to Corby through “Gorbachev’s”, “Bush’s” and “Trump’s” models towards the new antihegemonic order. The values crisis provokes the rise of axiological dimension in controversies between Russia and Global West and their dialogue remains in different gnoseological and epistemological spaces. The new state of balanced, “comprehensive and inclusive” world order must be based on the transformation of all actors in the global politics, economic justice and the shift of global political power from West to East. That makes Russia and China promote their value-political projects as a global alternative to the Atlantic dominant rationality.