Dynamic Topology Reconfiguration for Energy-Efficient Operation in 5G NR IAB Systems

The utilization of high millimeter wave (mmWave, 30–100 GHz) in 5G New Radio (NR) systems and sub-terahertz (sub-THz, 100–300 GHz) in future 6G requires dense deployments of base stations (BSs) to provide uninterrupted connectivity to the users. 3GPP Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) deployments that utilize wireless relay nodes offer cost-efficient densification options for these systems. However, the infrastructure that is often scaled and deployed for busy-hour traffic conditions is not used efficiently during periods when traffic demands are lower, resulting in excessive power consumption. In this work, we consider the IAB roadside deployment option and demonstrate that the deployment designed to meet traffic demands during busy-hour traffic conditions can be efficiently controlled to provide large power savings during other times of the day. To demonstrate the feasibility of the solution, we will utilize the tools of stochastic geometry and queuing theory. Our numerical results show that the dynamic switching of IAB nodes may lead to power savings of up to 40% depending on the traffic and deployment specifics. The proposed methodology also allows us to maintain the specified upper bound on the transit delay and improve the utilization of active IAB nodes. © 2025 by the authors.